中國大陸的羽管鍵琴

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Matteo Ricci 利瑪竇 (1552–1610)

羽管鍵琴在中國的歷史，可能比你想像的要悠久許多。上世紀九十年代在香港居住現今在美國費城的Temple大學任職的Joyce Lindorff教授，對於西方音樂與樂器在中國的傳播有著多年的研究。第一架羽管鍵琴由天主教傳教士利瑪竇（Matteo Ricci，1552–1610）作為禮物從歐洲攜帶至中國。之後，西方工匠甚至開始在中國製造鍵盤樂器。另一位傳教士音樂家德裡格（Teodorico Pedrini，1671–1746）在中國度過了他的後半生：他的一些作品現保存在中國國家博物館。可惜的是，關於這些樂器的具體細節早已遺失，可以知道的是：沒有具備專業知識的人看護這些樂器，在西方音樂家和工匠離開之後不久，這些樂器逐漸損壞而不得不被廢棄。

Zhao Dongsheng harpsichord, Beijing 2010 57K jpeg

沈凡秀教授

沈凡秀教授與趙東升老師以及他在中央音樂學院製作的雙排羽管鍵琴

最近網絡上有文章錯誤地提到中國大陸地區只有幾架羽管鍵琴。而另一篇文章認為由中央音樂學院趙東升老師於2010年製作的一架淺藍色的雙排羽管鍵琴是當代中國的第一架羽管鍵琴。事實上，1985年加拿大製琴師Ted Turner在中國待了數月，并與趙東升老師以及西安音樂學院鋼琴技師黃小苗先生製作了至少兩架羽管鍵琴。詳見一篇刊登在當時的中國日報英文版上的報導。

儘管這個列表列出了超過三十架分佈在中國大陸各地的古鍵琴，但對於來訪的音樂家，想找到適合用於演出和大師班的樂器一直是一個問題。經常會有一些代理、獨奏家以及樂團（Academy of Ancient Music、Les Arts Florissants、The English Concert、Freiburg Baroque、Tafelmusik……等等）詢問我，關於是否有適合他們需求的樂器以及那些樂器的狀況如何。

不幸的是，演奏家們常常不得不使用電子鍵盤代替羽管鍵琴。當然，對於羽管鍵琴這件美妙的樂器來說，電子鍵盤是一個非常糟糕的替代品。同一個城市不同的機構之間很少有相互合作，例如曾經有爲了一場音樂會，某籌辦方不得不從另一個競爭機構處借一架羽管鍵琴，其租借費用高達5000美元。有些樂團爲了解決琴的問題，必須聘請一位優秀的技師隨行，有時甚至不得不花費一筆高額的空運費用攜帶一架質量和情況讓他們能夠放心的琴。

凱銳‧彼彼 1994年

黃小苗先生,
西安音樂學院鋼琴技師和凱銳‧彼彼

由於缺乏日常維護的傳統/觀念，我曾聽說過中國某個機構的一架琴在未被察覺的情況下被換成了一架質量稍次的琴而不是接受簡單但專業的保養服務。在一些人的觀念中，籌集大筆資金購買一架新樂器要比固定維修來的簡單。但如果能夠有週期性的預算用於維護保值并保證樂器能夠正常使用，豈不是更好？

最初是Joyce Lindorff教授激起我對中國訪問的興趣—我依然記得那份來自西安的傳真捲曲著從我的台式傳真機裡出來：“我們的羽管鍵琴需要大規模的維修，請帶上製琴的材料！”因此，於1994年我開始了第一次中國之旅。從那時起，我陸續見到了下表所列的一些樂器。你可以從我網站中的鏈接找到其他我訪問中國的故事—比如1996年我帶著我的古鋼琴與Florilegium樂團訪問北京—中國第一次古鋼琴演奏會—或者2010年世博會期間在上海尋找一架合適的羽管鍵琴所遇到的困難。

相信這個頁面所列出的內容至少說明在中國人們對於古樂的興趣在不斷增長。如您認為這個列表有錯誤或可以增加的內容，或者您在中國舉行的古樂活動需要任何協助，請與我聯繫。目前我推薦訪問中國的演奏家租用1982年Zuckermann法蘭德斯式雙排羽管鍵琴，這架琴屬於一位在北京居住的演奏家。這架琴是最好的選擇，因為它能用於正常演奏并可以被運往各地。

由於古樂在中國的關注日漸增長，越來越多的古鍵琴也隨之來到這片土地上，如果您知道其他樂器不在以下的名單之內，請不吝告知我們，饒益大眾。

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北京	Bizzi French Double harpsichord with tall Louis-XIII stand 2017 after Goermans/Taskin, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Marc Ducornet Franco-Flemish Double-manual harpsichord 2006, CHINA NATIONAL SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Marc Ducornet & Emmanuel Danset Ruckers/Hemsch French Double-manual harpsichord 2014, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Marc Ducornet & Emmanuel Danset Ruckers/Taskin French Double-manual harpsichord 2017, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Andrew Garlick French Double harpsichord 2014 after Goujon, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Goble Double-manual harpsichord, ANTIQUE PIANO EXHIBITION SALON Hubbard & Broekman German Double 2003 after Hass, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Frank Hubbard French Double (#189) 1977 after Hemsch, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Donald Katz Franco-Flemish Double 1973, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Jan Kalsbeek French Double 1988 after Blanchet, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Jan Kalsbeek German Double 2017 after Mietke, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Bruce Kennedy Italian harpsichord after Grimaldi, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Bruce Kennedy Mietke German Double-manual harpsichord 2022, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Joop Klinkhamer Franco-Flemish Double-manual harpsichord 1982, rebuilt by Willard Martin 1998, MUSICOLOGY DEPARTMENT, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Paul McNulty Walter & Sohn Fortepiano 2017, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Paul McNulty Walter & Sohn Fortepiano 2017, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Morley Small Clavichord, ANTIQUE PIANO EXHIBITION SALON Von Nagel Flemish Double harpsichord 2008 after Couchet, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Bach model harpsichord, CAPITAL NORMAL UNIVERSITY Neupert Couperin model Double-manual harpsichord c1950 (redecorated white, landscaped lid), MUSICOLOGY DEPARTMENT, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord 2012 (landscaped lid), MIDDLE SCHOOL affiliated with CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, FORBIDDEN CITY CONCERT HALL Neupert Antunes model Single-manual harpsichord 2013, JIAN LI PERCUSSION Neupert Couperin model Double-manual harpsichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Nicola Paoli Italian harpsichord 1990 after Grimaldi, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP [whereabouts now uncertain] Onno Peper French Double harpsichord 2017 after Taskin, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Joris Potvlieghe Saxon model clavichord with pedalboard 1990, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Roberts & Brazier Neapolitan Harpsichord 2010, CHINA PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA Sassmann Single-manual harpsichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Sperrhake Model 161 Double-manual harpsichord, UNKNOWN OWNERSHIP Storrs Flemish Double harpsichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Unknown make of harpsichord {2] TSINGHUA UNIVERSITY HIGH SCHOOL Michael Walker Double-manual harpsichord after Dulcken, CHINA CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Michael Walker Fortepiano after Walter, CHINA CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Thomas & Barbara Wolf French Double harpsichord 1990, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Zhao Dongsheng & Ted Turner Double-manual harpsichord 1985, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Zhao Dongsheng copy of the above Double-manual harpsichord, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Zhao Dongsheng Double-manual harpsichord 2010, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Zhao Dongsheng Spinet 2015, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Zhao Dongsheng Double-manual harpsichord 2018, CENTRAL CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Zuckermann Flemish Double Harpsichord III, built by Herbert Huestis, Vancouver 1982, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Wolfgang Zuckermann [?] Italian Harpsichord kit early 1970s (landscaped lid), ANTIQUE PIANO EXHIBITION SALON

成都	Wolf Fischer French Double harpsichord 1984, π CHAMBER ORCHESTRA Neupert Händel model Double-manual harpsichord 1962, π CHAMBER ORCHESTRA Michael Thomas Double-manual harpsichord, π CHAMBER ORCHESTRA Sperrhake Single-manual harpsichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

廣州	Nikolaus Damm German Double-manual harpsichord after JN Bach, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Atelier Marc Ducornet Blanchet Single-manual harpsichord 2014, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Atelier Marc Ducornet Blanchet Double-manual harpsichord 2022, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM John Feldberg Single-manual harpsichord, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM Paul McNulty Fortepiano 2022 after Walter 1792, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Neupert Bach model Double-manual harpsichord, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord 1995, XINGHAI CONCERT HALL Neupert Rameau model Single-manual harpsichord 2016, GUANGZHOU SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Joris Potvleighe clavichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP D.E. Rouse Italian Virginal, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM Sabathil Double-manual harpsichord 1967, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM Zuckermann Slantside harpsichord 1960s, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM [Unknown maker] Spinet, revival style, MUFENG INTERNATIONAL MUSIC & CULTURAL MUSEUM

杭州	Robert Davies Single-manual harpsichord, HANGZHOU WOSEN PIANO SHOP Merzdorf Italian harpsichord after Pisaurensis, ZHEJIANG CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Fortepiano 2020 after 1795 Walter, ZHEJIANG CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord 2016, HANGZHOU GRAND THEATRE Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord 2020 (landscaped lid), ZHEJIANG CONSERVATORY of MUSIC

南寧	Bizzi Continuo model harpsichord 2023, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

宁波	de Blaise harpsichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Hubbard Flemish single kit harpsichord “ES 1983”, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

上海	Ammer Spinet, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Bizzi Spinet c2007, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Bizzi Studio model harpsichord 2011, SHANGHAI CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Bizzi Continuo model harpsichord 2012, SHANGHAI CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Bizzi French Double harpsichord 2011 after Goermans/Taskin, MIDDLE SCHOOL affiliated with SHANGHAI CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Bizzi “Couchet” model harpsichord 2013, MIDDLE SCHOOL affiliated with SHANGHAI CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Colin Booth Italian after Domenicus Pisaurensis PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Marc Fontaine Flemish Single harpsichord 2000 PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Andrew Garlick Ruckers Single harpsichord 2017, LIU JIAN ART SCHOOL Hubbard Flemish Single-manual harpsichord by Sato 1987, SHANGHAI SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Kawai Spinet, SHANGHAI BAROQUE CHAMBER ORCHESTRA Bruce Kennedy Mietke German Double harpsichord 2021, SHANGHAI SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA Klop Italian harpsichord 1995, SHANGHAI CAMERATA Neupert Bach model harpsichord 1961, SHANGHAI CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Bach model harpsichord, SHANGHAI SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA / SHANGHAI SYMPHONY HALL Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, SHANGHAI ORIENTAL ART CENTER Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, SHANGHAI POLY GRAND THEATRE Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, SHANGHAI CONCERT HALL Neupert Hemsch model Double-manual harpsichord 2012, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Roberts & Brazier Neapolitan Harpsichord, Los Angeles 2010, SHANGHAI CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Akira Sato Flemish Single harpsichord 2004, SHANGHAI BAROQUE CHAMBER ORCHESTRA Zuckermann Slantside harpsichord, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Zuckermann Triple-fretted clavichord c1975, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Zuckermann Triple-fretted clavichord c1975, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP

深圳	Feldberg Double-manual harpsichord, SHENZHEN PIANO MUSEUM Morley Pentagonal Virginal 1960, SHENZHEN PIANO MUSEUM Morley Clavichord 1964, SHENZHEN PIANO MUSEUM Morley Clavichord 1966, SHENZHEN PIANO MUSEUM Morley Harpsichord, DA GUAN MUSIC Neupert Bach model harpsichord 2018, SHENZHEN CONCERT HALL Zhao Dongsheng French Double-manual harpsichord 2021, VANKE MEISHA ACADEMY

太原	Neupert Antunes model Single-manual harpsichord 2014, JIAN LI PERCUSSION

天津	Morley Taskin model French Double Harpsichord 2008, TIANJIN GRAND THEATRE Neupert Bach model harpsichord, MIDDLE SCHOOL affiliated with TIANJIN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Hass model German Double Harpsichord, TIANJIN SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA

武漢	Atelier Marc Ducornet 2017 Franco-flemish Double-manual harpsichord, WUHAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Atelier Marc Ducornet 2013 Italian harpsichord after Grimaldi,WUHAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Paul McNulty Walter Fortepiano, WUHAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Paul McNulty Graf Fortepiano, WUHAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Neupert Antunes model Single-manual harpsichord 2013, WUHAN PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA Van Emmerick 1987 Double-manual harpsichord after Dulcken, WUHAN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC

西安	Bruce Kennedy Blanchet French Double harpsichord 2016, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Bruce Kennedy Mietke German Double harpsichord 2019, XI’AN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Bruce Kennedy Blanchet French Double harpsichord 2020, XI’AN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC Ted Turner & Huang Xiaomiao Double-manual harpsichord 1985, XI’AN CONSERVATORY of MUSIC

廈門	Hugh Craig Double-manual harpsichord 1985, GULANGYU PIANO MUSEUM Gaveau Double-manual harpsichord 1923, PRIVATE OWNERSHIP Maendler-Schramm Double-manual harpsichord 1935, GULANGYU PIANO MUSEUM Wolfgang Zuckermann Spinet,Maxwell Cassidy, Melbourne 1969, GULANGYU PIANO MUSEUM

郑州	Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, HENAN ART CENTER

珠海	Neupert Blanchet model Double-manual harpsichord, ZHUHAI HUAFA & CPAA GRAND THEATRE
	數據最後更新與2024年12月24日

新浪微博用戶XGH1982		凱銳‧彼彼
在經過一番調查後，這架最近在上海音樂廳演出過的羽管鍵琴的身世終於真相大白一由Akira Sato製作於2004年		Neupert Blanchet模型 1995 廣州星海音樂廳

Marc Ducornet Franco-Flemish harpsichord 52K jpeg

凱銳‧彼彼

法-法蘭德斯式雙排，Marc Ducornet 2006
中國國家交響樂團

凱銳‧彼彼

Neupert生產的Bach模型的羽管鍵琴，保存在上海音樂學院

	About Carey Beebe 關於凱銳‧彼彼
	Chinese Harpsichord Lexicon 羽管鍵琴英漢詞彙
	Tuning without Tears 調音的秘方
	Site overview 導覽
	Harpsichords Australia Home Page 古鍵琴行首頁

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